Apparatus for stretching and drying leather.



PATENTED JAN. 17, 1905.

P. H. GRIMM. I APPARATUS FOR STRETOHING AND DRYING LEATHER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 23, 1904.

2 SKBETS-SHEET 2 Patented January 1'7, 1905.

ATENT OFFICE.

PAUL H. GRIMM, OF GLENGOVE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO EDNARD R. LADEWT, OF (JrLENCOVE, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR STRETflHING AND DRYING LEATHER,

SPECIFIGATIQNforining part of Letters Patent No. 780,282, dated January 17, 1905.

Application filed July 23, 1904. Serial No. 217,802.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that l, PAUL H. GRIMM, a citizen of the United States,residing at G-lencove, in the county of Nassau and State of New York,

5 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Stretching and DryingLeather or the Like Material, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of apparatus which is intended for the purpose of stretching or holding in a taut or stretched condition any kind of material which has been previously prepared and firmly hold the same in a stretched position and condition until it is fully set, dried out, or satisfactorily treated to be further acted upon While in the apparatus or be removed therefrom to perform ad.- ditional steps in the manufacture of the material into a finished product.

This invention more especially relates to that class of inventions intended for the purpose of stretching hides or skins in the manufacture of leather belting and the like articles, and While 1 herein particularly describe its use with reference to this class of inventions it is desired to be distinctly understood l do not care to limit or restrict my invention to this specific use, as it will be readily seen from the hereinafter-detailed description of the device and manner of using the same it may be employed in other arts wherein similar conditions exist and objects are to be attained.

The objects of my invention are, first, to reduce the amount of money, labor, and time in equipping and operating the section of a plant involving stretching or drying of leather or similar material; second, to reduce the cost in the manufacture of astretching and holding 4 frame for hides or like material; third, to reduce the weight of a frame usually employed for such purposes by having a single frame stretch or hold two or more hides and arranged so that the hides mutually cooperate with the single fiat frame and clamping means to forma truss wherein the stresses throughout the frame are in equilibrium and the original shape of the frame is undisturbed; fourth, to reduce the number of hands employed, amount of labor and time required in stretching a given number of hides and handling the frames therefor; fifth, to reduce the floor-space occupied by a plant of a given capacity by having the fiat frames supported, operated upon, and transported from the stretching-section of the plant to the dryingrooms in an upright or vertical position; sixth, to reduce the amount of labor and time in transporting the stretching or holding frames from the stretching-section of the plant to the drying-rooms, or vice versa; seventh, to in crease the life of the frames by avoiding unnecessary and repeated handling, knocking or throwing the frames against one another on movable trucks or on the floor, as in the present practice in performing the stretching and drying operations and the storing of the frames; eighth, reducing the amount of labor required in handling the frames by constantly keeping them in the same vertical or upright position and transporting them in the same horizontal plane duringall the operations of and with the frames from the stretching of the hides thereon until removed. after dried or set; ninth, to reduce the size and space occupied by the drying-rooms by having each frame to compactly hold two or more stretched hides in an upright position; tenth, to so construct and arrange the holding and stretching mem bers of the frame as to enable them to bequickly and easily adjusted, whereby hides of a wide range of length can be stretched and dried by the same frame; eleventh, to have auxiliary and adjustable stretching-sticks inter- My invention consists of structural features and relative arrangements of elements, which will be hereinafter more fully and clearly described, and pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the two sheets of drawings, in which similar characters indicate the same parts in the several figures, Figure 1 is a side view of the preferred form of my stretcherframe and trolley connections. Fig. 2 is a top view of the frame with the trolley connections removed. Fig. 3 is an end view of the frame and connections shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view showing in elevation a section of the frame, adjustable clamp, chain, and clevis connection. Fig. 5 is a plan of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an end view of a section of the adjustable clamp, central frame-piece, and the clevis connection. Fig. 7 is an enlarged plan View of the clamping-jaws and a separatingcam. Fig. 8 is an elevation of the lower section of the clamping-jaws with a separatingcam. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of one of the clamps for temporarily supporting the hides.

Heretofore machines for the purpose of stretching leather have been made with a rectangular frame having a stationary head at one end and a movable or sliding head at the other end. These heads are provided with gripping devices to take hold of the edges of the leather, and after a piece of leather or hide prepared for stretching has been inserted in this frame and the grips adjusted it is placed in a horizontal position in a second apparatus designed to firmly hold it in place and the movable head or jaw of the frame is pulled out by power applied to the mechanism attached to the second apparatus until the hide is sufficiently stretched. It will be seen that this not only involves two operations, but also requires the frame holding the stretched hide to be lifted on and bodily removed from the stretching apparatus to be set away in some place to dry or hung up in a drying-room. It will therefore be seen in mechanism of this kind, especially when designed for stretching large pieces of leather or hides measuring fifty by fifty-four inches, the frames are required to be built very strong and heavy in order to resist flexure due to the pull at each end toward the center by the stretched hide. This size and weight of frame necessitates the employment of four men, one at each corner, in order toplace and adjust the same on the frame and remove combined frame and hide from the stretching apparatus.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, illustrating the preferred form of my device, 1 is a stretcher-frame made of wood or metal, or both combined, and consists of an upper piece 2, lower piece 3, and end pieces 4 and 5 and a central piece 6.

7 7 are suspension-rods which are attached near each end of the upper frame-piece 2 and are provided at their upper extremities with a trolley-wheel 8 8, which ride on a track 9. \Vhile I have shown and herein described two rods for supporting the frame, one may be used, especially if the frame is a small one.

10 and 10 are suitable castings which are bolted or secured in any suitable manner and preferably at the middle of the end pieces 4 and 5 or the ends of the middle piece 6. Each of the castings 10 is provided with extensions 11 and 12, which project beyond the planes of the opposite sides of the frame.

13 13 are adjustable fastening or securing means having one of their ends attached to or passing through the extensions 11 11 and their other ends engaging clamps 15 15.

14 14 are stretching-screws having one end passing through and engaging the threaded extensions 12 12 and their other ends engaging the sliding and clamping jaws 16 16.

As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the stretching-screws 14 14 and the adjustable fastening or securing means 13 13, which in the present case are shown as chains, but which may be any other equivalent means readily suggested-as, for example, an adjustable screw bolt or bar of iron-are so arranged that one of the adjustable screws or chains is on one side of the frame and the other is on the opposite side and preferably at the opposite end of the frame. The adjustable chains 13 13 are connected at one of their ends to the vertical and adjustable clamping-jaws 15 15, and the other ends of the chains 13 13 pass through the extensions 11 11 and held from being drawn or pulled through and secured in any adjustable position by a pin or toggle 35. The stretching and clamping jaws 16 16 are suitably arranged with respect to the sides of this frame and each other, so that one is on the same side of the frame and on the opposite end as that of an adjustable clamp 15.

31 31 (see Figs. 4, 5, and 6) are clevises attached, by means of bolts 33 or other means, to the inner jaw 19 of each of the clamps 15 15 and are adapted to loosely embrace and slide on the central frame-piece 6, the function of which is to prevent the clamps from being displaced while a hide is being stretched, as will be hereinafter described.

18 18 are supporting and guide rails attached on each side and the upper edge of the frame and extending the full length of the same.

The sliding jaws 16 16 and the adjustable jaws 15 15 are provided at their upper ends with supporting means or, as shown, trolleywheels 17 17, which rest upon the rails and guides 18 18, thereby supporting the clamps and enabling them to be easily moved and adjusted. 30 30 are wooden sticks or rods likewise suitably and movably supported from the rails 18 18 and located between the frame and hides and the adjustable and stretching clamps 15 and 16.

The adjustable and sliding clamping devices (see Figs. 3 and 5) are preferably constructed of two separable jaws 19 and 20, the jaws 19 next to the frame being provided with a num ber of square holes 21 and the'other jaw, 20, provided withcircular openings 22, registering with the openings 21 and of the same diameter as the threaded portion of the tightening-bolts 23. In order to firm] y grip the ends of the hide between the jaws 19 and 20, they are constructed with a longitudinal V-shaped ridge 24 on one and a corresponding V- shaped groove or ridge 25 on the other jaw. (See Figs. 6 and 7.) To quickly separate the jaws 19 and 20 after the tightening-bolts 23 have been unscrewed to release the clamped ends of the hide 28 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2) and also to expedite the insertion of the ends of the unstretched hides, I have pivoted within and near the upper and lower ends of the jaws 19 and 20 a double-faced cam 26, (see Figs. 7 and 8,) which bears against the inner sides of both jaws 19 and 20, and, as will be readily seen, when said upper and lower double-faeed cams are moved inwardly between the jaws they quickly separate the jaws, and thereby open the clamps. When it is desired to have the clamping-jaws 19 and 20 approach each other, the cams 26 are turned back and the nuts on the bolts 23 are tightened up.

29 and 29 (see Figs. 1 and 3) are strips of wood or other material fixed to the floor of the stretching-room and form a guide or way in which the lower end of the frame or extensions of the end pieces 4: and 5 may pass and prevent the frame swinging from the supported points on the trolley-track. In order to further assist in the locking of the frame, I may provide one of the open ends of the way with a stop and the other end with a pivoted or sliding latch 34, which moves at right angles to the groove of the way and prevents the stretching-frame from being withdrawn from the guides.

32 32 are clamps for holding the hides while their ends are inserted and secured to the clamps 15 and 16.

The operation of the deviceis as follows: The suspended vertical frame (shownin Figs. 1, 2, and 3) is run between and locked in the way or guide-pieces attached to the floor in order to steady its lower end during the bandling, adjusting, and stretching operations. A hide or piece of leather properly prepared is then taken by one person, who inserts its upper edge at two points between the auxiliary clamps 32 32, and after tightening up the screws of these clamps the hide is capable of being freely suspended and properly adjusted between the adjustable and sliding clamps 15 and 16. The adjustable clamp 15 is then ad justed for the particular size of the suspended hide, and the ends are then clamped between the jaws of each of the clamps 15 and 16. Auxiliary clamps 32 32 may then be released. The screw 14 is then turned until the hide is properly and sufficiently stretched, and, as will be seen, the clamp 15 is prevented from being pulled away from the frame by means of the elevis attachment 31. The sticks or rods 30 30 are then moved along or placed to remove any wrinkles or puckers in the hide, and, if desired, the upper and lower edges of the hide may be nailed or secured to the said sticks or rods, and thereby enable the edges of the hide to be dried without curling or distortion. The above operation is repeated on the other side, when the frame is unlocked and pushed out of the guide-pieces by means of the trolley and connections and carried to the drying-rooms or any other point desired. After the hides or pieces of leatherhave been sufliciently dried it is only neces sary to run the frame back again to the ways or guides and reverse the operation, remove the hide, and recharge the frame with two fresh and unstretehed hides by repeating the operations described above.

From the foregoing detailed description and the mode of operating the same it will be clearly seen that I have devised an apparatus in which one person can easily and quickly charge a stretching-frame with two hides and remove the same to be passed to the dryingroom with the least possible expenditure of physical exertion. Furthermore, it will also be seen that I perfected a stretching-frame in which all the objects set out in the statement of invention are fully attained and efficiently carried out.

Various changes may be made in the details of my frame and the method of supporting or carrying the same without departing from the spirit of my invention, and while I have in-the foregoing specification described one form of apparatus adapted to accomplish the results aimed at, yet it will be obvious to those skilled in the art the specific construction of the frame, clamps, jaws, and means for varying the distance between the ad ust able and slidlng clamps may be modified in many ways without changing in any way the operation of the mechanism or varying the invention.

l/Vhile I have shown and described a frame supported and moving on a trolley or a single flat frame supporting two hides which mutually contribute to balance the stresses in the frame, I do not herein make claim to them broadly, as that is the subject-matter of a separate and companion application, Serial No. 203,414, filed April 16, 1904.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

1. An apparatus for drying leather or the like material, comprising a suspended fiat frame, means for holding two hides stretched outside of the plane of the frame, one being on each side thereof, auxiliary stretchingrods interposed between the frame and the hides, and means attached to the frame for adjustably supporting the auxiliary stretching-rods.

2. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a suspended vertical flat frame, means for stretching and holding two hides outside of the plane of the frame, one being on each side thereof, vertical auxiliary stretching-rods interposed between the frame and the hides, and means attached to the frame for adjustably supporting the auxiliary stretching-rods.

3. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a flat vertical frame, means at the upper edge of the frame for temporarily supporting a hide, and means for stretching and holding two hides outside of the plane of the frame, one being on each side thereof.

4. An apparatus for drying leather or the like material, comprising a suspended vertical flat frame, means for holding two hides stretched outside of the plane of the frame, one being on each side thereof, vertical auxiliary stretching-rods interposed between the frame and the hides, means attached to the upper section of the frame for ad justabl y supporting the auxiliary stretching-rods, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

5. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, means for independently stretching and holding two hides outside of the plane of the frame, one being on each side thereof, vertical auxiliary stretching-rods interposed between the frame and the hides, and means attached to the upper section of the frame for adjustably supporting the auxiliary stretching-rods.

6. An apparatus for stretching leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, an adjustable clamp without the plane of the frame and on one side and end thereof, a sliding clamp without the plane of the frame on the same side and at the other end of the frame, said adjustable and sliding clamps suspended from the upper side of the frame, and means for adjusting and locking said sliding clamp.

7. An apparatus for stretching leather or the like material comprising a vertical flat frame, an adjustable clamp on one side and end of the frame, a sliding clamp on the same side and other end of the frame, means for adjusting and holding said sliding clamp and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

8. An apparatus for stretching leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, an adjustable clamp without the plane of the frame and on one side and end thereof, a sliding clamp without the plane of the frame on the same side and at the other end of the frame, said adjustable and sliding clamps suspended from the upper side of the frame, means for adjusting and locking said sliding clamp, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

9. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, an adjustable clamp on one side and end of the frame, means for securing said adjustable clamp, a sliding clamp on the same side and the other end of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp, means for adjusting and holding said sliding clamp, and means consisting of movable auxiliary stretching-rods lying against the frame and between the adjustable and sliding clamps.

10. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, a supported and adjustable clamp on one side and end of the frame, means for slidingly connecting said adjustable clamp to the frame, a supported and sliding clamp on the same side and the other end of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp, and means for adjusting and holding said sliding clamp.

11. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, a supported and adjustable clamp on one side and end of the frame, means for slidingly connecting said adjustable clamp to the frame, a supported and sliding clamp on the same side and the other end of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp, means for adjusting and holding said sliding clamp, means consisting of movable auxiliary stretching-rods lying against the frame and between the adjustable and sliding clamps and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

12. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, means movablysupported at the upper edge of the frame for temporarily supporting-a hide, a supported and adjustable clamp on one side and end of the frame, means for slidingly connecting said adjustable clamp to the frame, means for securing the adjustable clamp, a supported and sliding clamp on thesame side and the other end of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp, and means for adjusting and holding said sliding clamp.

13. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, means movably supported at the upper edge of the frame for temporarily supporting a hide, a supported and adjustable clamp on one side and end of the frame, means for slidingly connecting said adjustable clamp to the frame, means for securing the adjustable clamp, a supported and sliding clamp on the same side and the other end of the frame vsaass from that of the adjustable clamp, means for adjusting and holding said sliding clamp, means consisting of supported movable aux iliary stretching-rods lying against the frame and between the adjustable and sliding clamps, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

14. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side thereof, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other extension provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, a screw-rod passing through each of the threaded extensions on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, and means for attaching the inner end of the said screw-rod to the sliding clamp.

15. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side thereof, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other extension provided With adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, a screw-rod pass ing through each of the threaded extensions on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, means for attaching the inner end of the said screw-rod to the sliding clamp, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

16. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, supporting-rods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side thereof, one of the extensions being provided With a threaded. opening and the other extension provided With adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said. adjustable securing means, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably supporting said adjustable and sliding clamps from the supporting-rods, a screw-rod passing through the threaded extension on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, and means for attaching the inner end of the said screw to the sliding clamp.

17. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, supporting-rods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side thereof, one of the extensions being provided With a threaded opening and the other extension provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably supporting said adjustable and] sliding clamps from the supporting-rods, a screw-rod passing through the threaded extension on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, means for attaching the inner end of the said screw to the sliding clamp, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

18. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical fiat frame, supportingrods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side thereof, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other extension provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably supporting said adjustable and sliding clamps from the supporting-rods,

a screw-rod passing through the threaded extension on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, means for attaching the inner end of the said screw to the sliding clamp, and auxiliary stretching-rods movably supported from the said supporting-rods and interposed between the sliding and adjustable clamps.

19. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a sus pended flat frame, a central brace-piece extending from one end of the frame to the other, supporting-rods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an exten sion on each side of the plane of the frame, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a clevis attached to the adjustable clamp of each side and slidingly connected to the central brace-piece, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the. opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably IIO supporting said adjustable and sliding clamps from the supporting-rods, a screw-rod passing through each of the threaded extensions on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, and means for attaching the inner end of said screw to the sliding clamp.

20. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, eomprisinga suspended flat frame, a central brace-piece extending from one end of the frame to the other, supporting-rods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side of the plane of the frame, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a elevis attached to the adjustable clamp on each side and slidingly connected to the central brace piece, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably supporting said adjustable and sliding clamps from the supporting-rods, a screw-rod passing through each of the threaded extensions on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

21. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a suspended flat frame, a central brace-piece extending from one end of the frame to the other, supporting-rods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side of the plane of the frame, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a clevis attached to the adjustable clamp of each side and slidingly connected to the central brace-piece, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably supporting said adjustable and sliding clamps from the supporting-rods, a screw-rod passing through each of the threaded extensions on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, means for attaching the inner end of said screw to the sliding clamp, and means for locking the lower ends of the frame in guides.

22. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a suspended flat frame, a central brace-piece extending from one end of the frame to the other, supporting-rods extending above the upper edge and length of the frame, a casting at each end of the frame and having an extension on each side of the plane of the frame, one of the extensions being provided with a threaded opening and the other provided with adjustable securing means, a single adjustable clamp on each side and the opposite ends of the frame and connected to the said adjustable securing means, a clevis attached to the adjustable clamp of each side and slidingly connected to the central brace-piece, a single sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, means for movably supporting said adjustable and sliding clamps from the supporting-rods, a screw-rod passing through each of the threaded extensions on the same side and end as the sliding clamps, means for attaching the inner end of said screw to the sliding clamp, auxiliary stretching-rods lying against the frame and interposed between the adjustable and sliding clamps, and means for movably suspending saild stretching-rods from the supporting- IO( s.

23. An apparatus for stretching leather or the like material, comprising a vertical flat frame, an adjustable clamp on each side and at the opposite ends of the frame, a sliding clamp on each side and at the opposite end of the frame from that of the adjustable clamp on the same side, each of the clamps having two separable jaws, registering openings in the jaws, bolts passing through the registering openings, a double-faced cam pivotally supported between and at the ends of the separable jaws, means for securing the adjustable clamps, and means for adjusting and holding the sliding clamps.

24. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material comprising a suspended vertical flat frame, means for stretching and holding two hides outside of the plane of the frame, one being on each side thereof, and means connected to the frame for temporarily supporting the hides.

25. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising a vertical fiat frame, means attached to and forming part of the frame for stretching and holding a hide outside of the plane of the frame,

auxiliary stretching-rods interposed between the frame and the hide, and a supporting-rod at the upper side of the frame for adjustably supporting the auxiliary stretching-rods.

26. An apparatus for stretching and drying leather or the like material, comprising avertical flat frame, means attached to and forming part of the frame for stretching and holding a hide outside of the plane of the frame, auxiliary stretching-rods interposed between the frame and the hide, a supporting-rod at the upper side of the frame for adjustably supporting the auxiliary stretching-rods, and means for supporting and moving the frame on a trolley.

supporting the means for temporarily sus- IO pending the hide and the auxiliary stretchingrods.

In testimony whereof I afliX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

PAUL H. GRIMM. Witnesses:

I'IARRY H. W'HITING, MALCOLM MCINTYRE. 

